{"id":6665,"date":"2025-05-01T13:40:10","date_gmt":"2025-05-01T05:40:10","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tw.hk.chat\/index.php\/2025\/05\/01\/%e6%9c%80%e9%ab%98%e6%b3%95%e9%99%a2%e5%80%be%e5%90%91%e4%ba%8e%e7%a1%ae%e7%ab%8b%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e4%bf%a1%e4%bb%b0%e6%9d%a1%e6%ac%be-2\/"},"modified":"2025-05-01T13:40:10","modified_gmt":"2025-05-01T05:40:10","slug":"%e6%9c%80%e9%ab%98%e6%b3%95%e9%99%a2%e5%80%be%e5%90%91%e4%ba%8e%e7%a1%ae%e7%ab%8b%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e4%bf%a1%e4%bb%b0%e6%9d%a1%e6%ac%be-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tw.hk.chat\/index.php\/2025\/05\/01\/%e6%9c%80%e9%ab%98%e6%b3%95%e9%99%a2%e5%80%be%e5%90%91%e4%ba%8e%e7%a1%ae%e7%ab%8b%e8%87%aa%e7%94%b1%e4%bf%a1%e4%bb%b0%e6%9d%a1%e6%ac%be-2\/","title":{"rendered":"\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u503e\u5411\u4e8e\u786e\u7acb\u81ea\u7531\u4fe1\u4ef0\u6761\u6b3e"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/figure>\n

\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u535a\u5f08<\/h2>\n

\u5f15\u8a00<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\u4e00\u4e2a\u5907\u53d7\u5173\u6ce8\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0e\u5b97\u6559\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u5982\u4f55\u5e73\u8861\u4e24\u8005\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u590d\u6742\u800c\u654f\u611f\u7684\u8bdd\u9898\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6848\u4f8b\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u5c55\u73b0\u4e86\u5176\u590d\u6742\u6027\u548c\u591a\u6837\u6027\u3002\u672c\u6587\u5c06\u63a2\u8ba8\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u57fa\u7840\u3001\u76f8\u5173\u6848\u4f8b\u53ca\u5176\u5bf9\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u5f71\u54cd\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u57fa\u7840<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5185\u5bb9<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u7f8e\u56fd\u5baa\u6cd5\u7b2c\u4e00\u4fee\u6b63\u6848\u660e\u786e\u89c4\u5b9a\uff1a\u201c\u56fd\u4f1a\u4e0d\u5f97\u5236\u5b9a\u5173\u4e8e\u4e0b\u5217\u4e8b\u9879\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\uff1a\u786e\u7acb\u5b97\u6559\u6216\u7981\u6b62\u4fe1\u6559\u81ea\u7531\uff1b\u5265\u593a\u8a00\u8bba\u81ea\u7531\u6216\u51fa\u7248\u81ea\u7531\uff1b\u5265\u593a\u4eba\u6c11\u548c\u5e73\u96c6\u4f1a\u548c\u5411\u653f\u5e9c\u8bf7\u613f\u7533\u51a4\u7684\u6743\u5229\u3002\u201d\u5176\u4e2d\uff0c\u5173\u4e8e\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u89c4\u5b9a\u5305\u62ec\u4e24\u4e2a\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u4e00\u662f\u7981\u6b62\u653f\u5e9c\u786e\u7acb\u56fd\u6559\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u5efa\u7acb\u6761\u6b3e\u201d\uff1b\u4e8c\u662f\u4fdd\u62a4\u4fe1\u6559\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u5373\u6240\u8c13\u7684\u201c\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u4f7f\u6761\u6b3e\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u6761\u6b3e\u4e0e\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u4f7f\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u5173\u7cfb<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5efa\u7acb\u6761\u6b3e\u548c\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u4f7f\u6761\u6b3e\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\u590d\u6742\u800c\u5fae\u5999\u3002\u5efa\u7acb\u6761\u6b3e\u65e8\u5728\u9632\u6b62\u653f\u5e9c\u5e72\u9884\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b97\u6559\u5316\uff1b\u800c\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u4f7f\u6761\u6b3e\u5219\u4fdd\u969c\u4e2a\u4eba\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u4e0a\u7684\u81ea\u7531\u3002\u4e24\u8005\u5171\u540c\u6784\u6210\u4e86\u7f8e\u56fd\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5173\u952e\u6848\u4f8b\u5206\u6790<\/strong><\/p>\n

Wallace v. Jaffree<\/strong><\/p>\n

1985\u5e74\u7684Wallace v. Jaffree\u6848\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u7ecf\u5178\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u8be5\u6848\u6d89\u53ca\u5b66\u6821\u7977\u544a\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6027\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\uff0c\u5b66\u6821\u7977\u544a\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u5efa\u7acb\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u7b49\u540c\u4e8e\u653f\u5e9c\u652f\u6301\u67d0\u4e00\u79cd\u5b97\u6559\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5224\u51b3\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b97\u6559\u5316\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n

Employment Division v. Smith<\/strong><\/p>\n

1990\u5e74\u7684Employment Division v. Smith\u6848\u662f\u53e6\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u6848\u4f8b\u3002\u8be5\u6848\u6d89\u53ca\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u7981\u5fcc\u7269\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u95ee\u9898\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u5224\u51b3\u4e2d\u8ba4\u4e3a\uff0c\u653f\u5e9c\u53ef\u4ee5\u5bf9\u6240\u6709\u5b97\u6559\u4eea\u5f0f\u4e2d\u7684\u7981\u5fcc\u7269\u54c1\u4f7f\u7528\u8fdb\u884c\u5211\u4e8b\u5316\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u8fd9\u5bf9\u67d0\u4e9b\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u9020\u6210\u4e86\u56f0\u6270\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u5224\u51b3\u88ab\u8ba4\u4e3a\u662f\u5bf9\u81ea\u7531\u884c\u4f7f\u6761\u6b3e\u7684\u9650\u5236\uff0c\u56e0\u4e3a\u5b83\u5426\u5b9a\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9762\u524d\u7684\u7279\u6b8a\u5730\u4f4d\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u62a4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b97\u6559\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5728\u73b0\u4ee3\u793e\u4f1a\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b97\u6559\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u662f\u4e00\u4e2a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8bae\u9898\u3002\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u5bf9\u5b97\u6559\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u7684\u4fdd\u62a4\u8868\u73b0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u5bbd\u5bb9\u548c\u7075\u6d3b\u6027\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u5141\u8bb8\u5b97\u6559\u5c11\u6570\u7fa4\u4f53\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u4eab\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u7684\u8c41\u514d\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u5176\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u969c<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4fdd\u969c\u4e0d\u4ec5\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u8fd8\u4f53\u73b0\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u7684\u5236\u5b9a\u548c\u89e3\u91ca\u4e0a\u3002\u7f8e\u56fd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f53\u7cfb\u901a\u8fc7\u4e00\u7cfb\u5217\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u6761\u6587\u548c\u53f8\u6cd5\u89e3\u91ca\uff0c\u786e\u4fdd\u4e86\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u4fdd\u969c\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u6700\u9ad8\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u591a\u4e2a\u6848\u4f8b\u4e2d\uff0c\u660e\u786e\u6307\u51fa\u4e86\u653f\u5e9c\u5728\u5b97\u6559\u4e8b\u52a1\u4e0a\u7684\u4e2d\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u907f\u514d\u4e86\u56fd\u5bb6\u5b97\u6559\u5316\u7684\u98ce\u9669\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u5f71\u54cd<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8c10<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u793e\u4f1a\u548c\u8c10\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u57fa\u77f3\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u969c\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u793e\u4f1a\u53ef\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u56e0\u5b97\u6559\u51b2\u7a81\u800c\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u793e\u4f1a\u52a8\u8361\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e0d\u540c\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\u8005\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u76f8\u4e92\u7406\u89e3\u548c\u5c0a\u91cd\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u793e\u4f1a\u7684\u548c\u8c10\u4e0e\u7a33\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n

\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u4e0e\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u662f\u4e2a\u4eba\u6743\u5229\u7684\u91cd\u8981\u7ec4\u6210\u90e8\u5206\u3002\u901a\u8fc7\u4fdd\u969c\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\uff0c\u4e2a\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u81ea\u7531\u5730\u9009\u62e9\u548c\u5b9e\u8df5\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u5b97\u6559\u4fe1\u4ef0\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u53d7\u653f\u5e9c\u7684\u5e72\u9884\u3002\u5b97\u6559\u81ea\u7531\u7684\u4fdd\u969c\uff0c\u6709\u52a9\u4e8e\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u4e3b\u6027\u548c\u72ec\u7acb\u6027\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u4fc3\u8fdb\u4e2a\u4eba\u7684\u5168\u9762\u53d1\u5c55\u3002<\/p>\n

\u7ed3\u8bba<\/strong><\/p>\n

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